What to do if the computer does not turn on? Step-by-step diagnostic instructions. What to do if Windows does not start Treatment of the boot file

Unfortunately, sometimes you can encounter quite serious problems with turning on computers and starting operating systems, although until a certain point there were no signs of trouble. It happens that most often the computer turns on, but the operating system does not start. It is these situations that will be discussed further. Let's look at questions related to why the computer won't boot and what to do in such situations. There are several universal solutions here.

The computer turns on, but the operating system does not start: reasons

Among all the possible situations when failures occur at the loading stage, several typical cases can be identified.

There are three options:

• a black screen appears;
• Blue screen BSoD occurs;
• The operating system starts, but cannot fully boot.

In the first case, when the computer does not start (the boot does not turn on), messages may appear on a black screen indicating physical or software problems. In the simplest case, when nothing serious happens, the system may report that, for example, the keyboard is missing (for desktop PCs). The simplest solution is to connect it and reboot.

If the computer turns on, but the boot does not start, and instead warnings about software failures or missing files appear on a black screen, there can be many reasons for this system behavior. Among them, first of all, we can highlight problems with the hard drive, damage to the operating system (accidental or intentional deletion of system components or registry entries), exposure to viruses, incorrect boot sector entries, RAM conflicts, etc. By the way, if a blue screen pops up, this mostly applies to the RAM or recently installed device drivers, which cause conflicts not at the software level, but at the physical level.

What to do if the computer does not boot and the operating system does not start for the above reasons? Depending on the situation, there are several solutions. To an uninitiated user, they may seem quite complicated, but in certain situations only they can be used to resuscitate the system. Therefore, you will have to spend both time and effort.

The computer turns on but does not boot: what to do first?

So, let's start with the simplest thing. Let's assume that a short-term technical failure has occurred in the system, for example due to incorrect shutdown or power surges.

As a rule, almost all Windows modifications used today usually automatically activate startup upon restart. If this does not happen, before starting the system you will have to use the F8 key to call up the additional boot menu (Windows 10 uses a different method).

The computer turns on, but the operating system does not start? There's no need to get upset. Here, in the simplest version, you can select the line to load the last working configuration. If everything is in order with the system components, the system will boot without problems. If this does not help, you will have to use the troubleshooting section, and sometimes even trying to boot into safe mode may be successful.

Possible viral infection

Unfortunately, viruses can also cause such situations. What to do if the computer does not turn on? Ways to solve this particular problem boil down to using a powerful one that could check for threats even before the OS itself starts.

Among the variety of anti-virus software, it is worth noting specially disk utilities that start directly from an optical media or USB device, have their own boot records and even a graphical interface like Windows. One of the most powerful tools is Kaspersky Rescue Disk. Its use can guarantee almost one hundred percent detection of viruses, even those hiding in RAM.

RAM conflicts

Now let's see what to do if the computer does not boot and instead a blue screen appears. As already mentioned, most often this indicates problems with drivers and RAM. We’re not touching the drivers yet, but let’s look at the RAM.

The proposed solution to the issue of if the computer does not boot is mainly designed for stationary PCs. In this situation, you should remove all memory sticks, and then insert them one by one and check the load. Perhaps one of them is the link that causes failures. This may occur when trims from different manufacturers are added.

If the system can somehow be loaded using the same safe mode, the RAM should immediately be checked using the Memtest86+ utility, which will help identify the true cause of the problem.

The system does not see the hard drive

Now the worst situation is when the computer does not boot. The causes and solutions may be related to the hard drive.

A hard drive can have both software and physical problems, although sometimes that’s not even the issue. The problem may be completely trivial: the user in the BIOS settings has set the priority for booting from a removable device, for example, from an optical disk, which is currently in the drive, but is not a system one. You just need to remove it and download again.

On the other hand, another problem that the computer does not start (the system does not start) may be due to the fact that the bootloader and the records of the corresponding sector are damaged. The solution to this situation will be discussed a little later. But in the simplest case, you can try to restore disk data using Recovery utilities.

Sometimes changing the settings of the primary BIOS input/output system also helps. Here you need to find the section related to setting up the hard drive, and in the SATA configuration parameters, deactivate the use of AHCI mode.

Finally, the hard drive may also have purely physical damage, and this cannot be done without outside intervention.

Using the installation disc

Many users clearly underestimate the help that the installation or system image can provide in solving problems associated with situations when the computer turns on, but the operating system does not load.

Firstly, almost any kit includes a so-called recovery console, with which you can eliminate many software failures, and secondly, you can use the command line here. This, by the way, is the most effective method. Next it will be clear how this works.

Problems with the BOOTMGR bootloader

It is believed that the most common problem when the computer turns on, but the operating system does not start, is damage to the Windows boot manager (Boot Manager). In this case, the system just writes that there is no system partition (it simply does not see the hard drive).

You can fix this problem by starting from the boot disk and going to the command line in the recovery console, to open which you press the “R” key. Next, you need to first use the check disk command and then fix (restore) boot records.

The whole sequence looks like this:

• chkdsk c: /f /r;
• Bootrec.exe /FixMbr;
• Bootrec.exe /FixBoot.

After entering commands, punctuation marks are not placed, but the enter key is pressed. If for some reason executing these commands does not have a positive effect, you can alternatively use a complete rewrite of the boot sector, which is performed by the Bootrec.exe / RebuildBcd command. If the hard drive is not physically damaged, this should work, as they say, one hundred percent.

You can also use some third-party utilities. The most suitable program seems to be a tool called MbrFix, which is included in the Hiren’s Boot CD. After calling it, for example, for Windows 7, provided that this particular system is installed, and only on one disk (there is no partitioning), the following should be written:

• MbrFix.exe /drive 0 fixmbr /win7.

This will save the user from having to make changes to boot records, and the boot will be restored.

Problems accessing the NTLDR file

When a message appears that a given component is missing from the system, a boot commit is first applied, as in the previous case.

However, if the result is not achieved, you will need to copy the original file to the root of the system partition. For example, if the drive is "C" and the drive is "E", the command would look like this:

• E:\i386> copy ntldr C:\ (after copying, the system will boot without problems).

Damaged or missing HAL.dll file

If the computer turns on, but the operating system does not load in normal mode, the reason may be a damaged component HAL.dll (a corresponding notification may be displayed on the screen).

In this situation, you need to boot the system in safe mode, call the command console and write the following line in it:

• C:\windows\system32\restore\rstrui.exe (then press the Enter key and restart).

Instead of a total

Here is a brief summary of everything that concerns solving the problem of the inability to start the operating system. Naturally, the issues that the cause could be low power, CMOS battery failure, loose cable connections, dust inside the system unit, or other malfunctions were not addressed here. But in software terms, the above methods work flawlessly.

And so, you spend a pleasant evening at the computer - play, chat, surf the Internet, and Windows promptly carries out your commands. Everything is fine! Idyll! However, you should not think that this will always be the case. Know: the insidious Windows is preparing a dirty trick for you. She is just waiting for the moment when some urgent matters overtake you in order to... show you nothing. More precisely, it won’t boot.

Windows boot failure is an ordinary occurrence, but according to the law of meanness, it usually happens when the computer is really needed. So that the situation does not take you by surprise, it is important to prepare for it in advance. Let's talk about what to do if Windows 10 won't boot, why this happens, and what every user should have to solve this problem as quickly as possible.

Why won't it load?

• Installing another operating system on another partition of the drive (the new OS replaces the old bootloader with its own).
• Experiments with disk partitions - compression, merging, partitioning, formatting, etc. A typical error, which is precisely a consequence of this, is “ ” (the system boot loader is compressed).

• Unskilled manual editing of the system registry.
• Using various “tweak cleaners” to speed up and decorate the system, which “accidentally” change the registry keys responsible for startup, patch files, etc.
• Windows updates installed incorrectly or the PC shuts down during the installation of updates.
• Viruses and antiviruses. Don't be surprised, the latter can cause no less harm than the former if used thoughtlessly. It's like swallowing pills indiscriminately, hoping that the right one will be among them.
• Faulty hardware drivers. Booting in such cases is usually interrupted by a blue screen of death, sometimes indicating the name of the driver that caused the problem.
• "Clumsy" applications in autostart. The failure occurs in the late stages of loading - shortly before the desktop appears.

Hardware reasons for Windows 10 not starting:

• Changing the order in which bootable media is polled in the BIOS (the computer searches for the Windows boot loader not on the system disk, but, for example, on flash drives).
• Connecting the drive to a port on the motherboard that is different from the one on which it worked before - if the failure occurred after removing and reinstalling the hard drive into the computer. It appears as an INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE error on the blue screen of death.

• Faulty or poor connection of the system drive. Often appears with the message “ ” (bootloader unavailable) on a black screen. Sometimes - stops, restarts, BSoDs at any stage of loading.

• RAM malfunction. As with disk problems, it manifests itself with reboots and blue screens at any stage of startup.
• Failure of video subsystem elements. Windows may boot, but you won't see it because the screen will remain black. Sometimes you can tell that the system has booted only by a characteristic sound.
• Other hardware problems, such as motherboard, peripherals, etc.

It's better to prepare for the worst in advance

So, to restore normal Windows startup, the computer needs to be booted into the recovery environment. If you have previously used Windows 7, then you know that this very environment is installed on the disk along with the main system. And to enter it, you need to open the menu of additional boot methods (by pressing F8 after turning on the computer) and go to the “ Troubleshooting».

The “top ten” also has a recovery environment, but since its loading time has significantly decreased compared to Windows 7, the interval when you can call the boot menu has also become much shorter. There is only one chance left at this time to press the desired key (more precisely, the combination of F8 and Shift): if the system is installed on an MBR hard drive and the fast startup option is disabled in the power settings of the PC or laptop. If the system is on an SSD or GPT hard drive, you will need bootable media.

For emergency recovery of Windows 10, it is optimal to keep its official distribution on a DVD or flash drive, and of the same bit size as installed on the PC. As an alternative, you can use the downloadable utility package MS DaRT 10 (Microsoft Diagnostic and Recovery Toolset for Windows 10 ).

MS DaRT distributions (formerly called “ERD Commander”) are officially distributed only through a paid subscription, but they are easy to find on the Internet. For example, on torrent trackers. Windows 10 images are available for download from .

As an example, I will use the home edition of Ten, recorded on a bootable USB flash drive, since it has everything you need.

Booting into the Windows 10 recovery environment

The failure option shown in the screenshot can be considered relatively favorable. By clicking, " Extra options"You will be taken to the recovery environment installed on your hard drive, and you will not have to boot into it from external media. But we will consider a more severe case, when the system does not show any signs of life.

Connect the media to your computer, reboot, and make it the first boot device.

The window that you will see first after booting from a flash drive (DVD) will prompt you to select the system language. If Russian is selected, click " Further».

You will then be prompted to proceed to install or restore Windows. Click " System Restore».

On the screen " Action selection» click « Troubleshooting" Here you are.

Tens launch recovery options

• System Restore. When you select this option, a standard Windows utility is launched. rstrui.exe, the purpose of which is to roll back the system to one of the saved checkpoints.
• Restoring the system image. Launches the Windows Deployment Wizard from a backup created by the OS's own tools.
• Boot recovery. Corrects errors in boot files and partitions.
• Command line. Allows you to run various system utilities.
• Return to the previous build. Rolls back to a previously installed version of the OS if it was upgraded to Windows 10.

Rollback to a checkpoint

Clicking on the first item most likely launches the recovery utility you are already familiar with. All you have to do is select the date and time you want to rollback to and follow the on-screen instructions.

To use this option, you must have at least one saved checkpoint and a properly working system restore function. If the latter was disabled before the failure, skip this step and try other methods.

Startup Recovery

Command line

If rollback to a checkpoint and auto-recovery at startup (the first and second options) did not give the desired result, a console utility often helps to raise the “tens” load BCDBoot. It recreates the hidden “System Reserved” partition and copies boot files from the Windows directory to it.

For BCDBoot to work correctly, you must specify the location of the Windows folder on your hard drive. To find out, you can use the utility Diskpart, but I think it’s more convenient to do this through Explorer.

So, to get into Explorer, open the command line and run Notepad in it ( notepad).

While in notepad, go to the menu “ File", select " Open" and go to the folder " This computer" Next, let's go through the disk partitions and determine which of them contains the system directory. In my example this is drive D.

Next we return to the command line and execute the instruction:

BCDboot D:\Windows

Please note that your path to the system folder may be different.

In 80% of cases, this is enough for the “ten” to start normally. But in about 20% of cases the command does not work correctly - it does not restore all boot files. To help the utility a little, before executing the instructions on the command line, you need to format the reserved boot partition (in my example, drive C) in FAT32. This can also be done using diskpart, but I find it more convenient through Explorer.

The following two console commands recreate the boot records of the entire drive (MBR) and the system partition (VBR). They are used to solve problems with running Windows on MBR disks.

Execute commands one after another in this order:

bootrec/fixmbr

bootrec/fixboot

If you accidentally run them on a GPT disk, nothing bad will happen.

In some cases, startup problems arise due to damage not to boot files, but to the main system files, for example, after a virus attack. As you may know, there is a special utility in Windows to fix them Sfc.exe. So, thanks to the command line, you can also run it in the recovery environment.

The command to find and fix errors in protected system files in the recovery environment looks like this:

sfc /scannow /offbootdir=D:\ /offwindir=D:\

Parameter offbootdir determines the location of the main boot partition (in my example, as you remember, this is drive D), and offwindir– path to the system folder.

Using the command line, you can also fix registry errors on an unbootable system. But, unlike previous instructions, this requires certain experience and qualifications, because the user needs to know exactly what to correct and what erroneous entries should look like normally.

I will not dwell on registry errors that lead to Windows 10 boot failure, since this is the topic of a separate large article. I will only describe the method for launching the editor RegEdit.exe in the recovery environment and open the registry files in it so that you have the opportunity to fix the errors that you are aware of.

So, to launch the editor, write the word on the command line regedit and press Enter.

You will see that in the utility window that opens there is already some kind of registry, but not the one you need. Before us is our own registry of the recovery environment, and we are interested in the main system.

To load Windows 10 registry files into RegEdit, select the section in the left half of the editor window HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_USERS, open the menu “ File" and click on the item " Load bush».

In the Explorer window that opens after this, go to the folder D:\Windows\System32\Config(your drive letter may be different) and select the desired file.

Files without an extension in the \System32\Config folder are the components (hives) of the Windows 10 registry. The main ones are circled.

Give the hive any meaningful name (it will be temporary until you unload it) and click OK.

Next, we will open the section into which we loaded the bush, and here it is - in front of us, available for editing. In my example this is the registry file software, which I temporarily renamed to soft_win_10.

After making the edits, go back to the editor menu “ File" and click " Unload bush».

Return to previous build

When reverting to a previously installed build, the user's personal files will remain intact, but everything done since the update will be undone.

Restoring a system image

If you are an exception to the rule and the happy owner of a relatively recent backup copy, select the item marked in the screenshot from the list of parameters,

Tell the recovery program where to store the image and follow its instructions.

All data from the inoperative OS will be replaced with working copies from the archive. If it contains user files, this will also affect them.

Happy recovery!

Also on the site:

Windows 10 won't boot: why this happens and how to restore startup updated: April 23, 2017 by: Johnny Mnemonic

We will fix errors in Windows 10. But approximately the same will need to be done in Windows XP, 7 and 8. In Windows 7 and later releases, the developers have improved the recovery system for startup problems. In older versions of the system, serious errors often have to be resolved by reinstallation.

Disable peripherals

Try to remember what changes you recently made to the system: did you install new devices or switch something. There may be a problem with one of the hardware components. Try disabling:

1. USB drives.
2. Card readers.
3. Printers.
4. Scanners.
5. Cameras.
6. All other external devices.

If this does not help, disconnect the keyboard and mouse: you need to exclude all possible sources of malfunction.

It can also be caused by internal components, such as RAM. On a desktop PC, you can check the performance of the RAM by connecting the strips one by one.

Check power

If the computer does not turn on at all, pay attention to the power cable and sockets. Don't forget the power switch on the back of your desktop computer.

If everything works at this level, but the computer still does not turn on, then most likely the problem is in the power supply, which you are unlikely to be able to fix yourself: you will have to replace it or have it repaired by a specialist.

It is possible that the computer turns on, but only for a short time. This is the same problem with the power supply.

Configure the disk to boot the system

Errors may appear during startup: An operating system wasn’t found. Try disconnecting any drives that don’t contain an operating system. Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart or Boot failure. Reboot and Select Proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device.

The BIOS or UEFI settings may be set to boot from an external device or other logical partition rather than from the system drive. You can restore default settings like this:

1. To restart a computer.
2. Immediately after restarting, press the system key, for example F2. This may be another key: usually during system boot it can be found at the bottom of the screen with the logo of the laptop or motherboard manufacturer.
3. In the settings, set the desired disk to the first place in the boot.
4. Select the Save and Exit option to save your changes.

If the above does not help, you will have to restore the system bootloader. To do this, you will need a bootable USB flash drive or recovery disk with a system of suitable capacity. How to make a bootable USB flash drive or disk, read Lifehacker about installing Windows.

Start the system from a flash drive or disk by selecting the desired option in the boot menu. In the Windows installation menu that opens, select “System Restore.”

From the recovery menu, select Troubleshooting → Advanced options → Startup Repair. After this, the system will try to automatically fix the bootloader. In most cases, it solves the problem.

The same can be done manually via the command line, but it is better to select the automatic option so as not to aggravate the situation.

If this method does not help, the problem probably lies in the hardware: the hard drive is damaged.

From the recovery menu, select Troubleshooting → Advanced Options → Command Prompt.

At the command line, you need to enter the following commands one by one: diskpart → list volume (be sure to remember the name of the Windows disk) → exit.

To check the disk for errors and damage, enter the command chkdsk X: /r (where X is the name of the Windows disk). The check usually takes quite a long time, you will have to wait.

Start Windows in Safe Mode

Due to a sudden shutdown of the computer during the installation of operating system updates, cleaning of viruses and unnecessary entries in the registry, or due to the fault of utilities to speed up Windows, system files may be damaged. In this case, a “blue screen of death” will appear when the system boots.

Try starting Windows in safe mode without loading drivers and programs in startup. If the computer is running in this mode, you will have to remove the drivers, perform a system rollback, and scan for viruses.

If you have restore points, this problem is quite easy to solve. You just need to roll back to the previous stable configuration.

Reinstall system files

The steps above may not help. Then you will have to reset Windows settings and reinstall the system while saving the files. Unfortunately, all programs will need to be reinstalled.

In the recovery environment, select Troubleshoot → Reset this PC → Keep my files → Reset.

The system will roll back to the original settings.

An unpleasant situation when the computer does not turn on after pressing the Power button can happen to any user. There may be various reasons for this system behavior. But don’t panic, many of them can be eliminated on your own or by contacting specialists.

Causes and solutions

If, when you turn on the computer, it does not show signs of life, does not start or the operating system does not load, in general, the reasons for this can be very different.

Let's look at the most common problems that lead to the inability to turn on the computer:

• power problems;
• power supply failure;
• CMOS battery problems;
• problems with components;
• broken power button;
• motherboard malfunction.

Some of these problems can be easily diagnosed and fixed at home, while others will have to be addressed to our service center through the application form, which is located on the right side of the page. In any case, it would be a good idea to try to fix the problem yourself.

Problems with 220V

Often, due to their carelessness, users encounter basic problems, but there is no need to panic ahead of time. First you need to look at what happened. If the fans do not spin and the indicators do not light up, then you need to check for power.

You can check that electricity is supplied to your PC by following a few simple steps:

• make sure there is power in the outlet;
• check the connection of the surge protector to the outlet and its operation, for example, by connecting another device to it;
• Make sure that the power cord is connected correctly to the system unit and the outlet.

If the problem cannot be resolved by simply checking the PC connection, then we look for the problem further.

The power supply is faulty

Problems turning on a PC quite often arise due to a faulty power supply. This problem occurs due to voltage surges, which are not uncommon in our networks.

Let's look at the main signs indicating a faulty power supply:

• When you press the power button, the computer does not respond at all;
• The lights come on, but nothing starts.

In any case, you can determine whether the power supply is to blame for the situation only by installing another one that is known to be good. In many cases, if this component fails, you will also have to replace the motherboard or send it for expensive repairs.

Video: What to do if it doesn’t turn on

Battery doesn't work

There is a small CR-2032 battery on the motherboard inside the system unit. It is responsible for storing the settings of the PC's basic I/O system. The battery life is quite long.

But in some cases, the CR-2032 battery fails after a couple of years, and various problems with the clock and switching on appear. In this case, you just need to replace it.

Let's look at how battery discharge usually manifests itself.CMOS:

• the computer does not turn on at all;
• the start occurs after several presses of the power button;
• clock failures;
• PC randomly turns on when power is applied;
• reboot without user request.

In fact, the manifestations may differ slightly depending on the system configuration and other external factors. You can purchase the battery needed for replacement at computer, hardware and other stores.

Dust in the system unit

A fairly common cause of problems with starting a computer is dustiness. A failure can manifest itself in different ways: from system shutdown to random shutdown or inability to start the computer.

The procedure for cleaning the system unit:

• turn off the power and unplug all cords from the outlet;
• open the cover of the system unit;
• remove dust, for example, with a brush;
• clean contacts of RAM, video card and other components;
• check fans for jamming;
• If necessary, perform preventive maintenance in the form of replacing thermal paste.

Problems with components

Failure of individual PC components may also make it impossible to start it. In this case, it is quite difficult to independently diagnose the problem at home. In some cases, signals generated when the system starts can help identify the problem.

In this case, you will need to know the BIOS manufacturer. In addition, a description of the signals sent when turned on can be found in the instructions for the motherboard. Most often, a squeak can indicate problems with RAM or video card.

You can fix the problem by replacing the components with serviceable ones, but before doing this, it is recommended to try cleaning the contacts using a regular school eraser. In some cases this method is very helpful.

Power button

The reason why the PC cannot be started from the button may lie in the switch itself. Simply put, it may not fully close the contacts. You can check the problem yourself by closing the corresponding pair of contacts on the motherboard using a screwdriver.

Attention! Closing contacts on their own is recommended only for those who are confident in their actions and have the necessary knowledge. For the rest, it is better to turn to our specialists for help.

Motherboard

You can determine the malfunction of the motherboard or system board yourself with high accuracy only by replacing all other components with serviceable ones. In rare cases, the signals supplied by the BIOS will help with diagnostics.

Most often, when such a problem occurs, the fans turn on and work, but there is no image output or other reaction of the PC to user actions. In most cases, it makes no sense to repair the motherboard, since the cost of the work may exceed the price of a new part in the store.

Note. Often, problems with the motherboard are mistakenly described as a malfunction; I turn on the computer, but the monitor does not turn on. There is confusion between problems with the monitor and lack of video signal. It is easy to check the operation of the monitor by disconnecting the signal cable from the system unit and looking for the presence of the manufacturer's splash screen.

The computer won't turn on

The computer may stop turning on for a huge number of reasons. But among them we can highlight the most common ones. Some of them can be fixed by the PC owner himself without contacting a service center, but first of all, it is necessary to establish the cause of the malfunction.

Let's look at the most common problems due to which the computer may not turn on:

• video card defect;
• problems after the processor;
• problems after cleaning;
• crashes after hibernation;
• Incorrect operation after replacing parts.

Video card defect

Video card problems are fairly easy to diagnose. First of all, when you turn on the computer, but the monitor does not turn on, the fans will mostly spin.

When installing a working video card, the image usually appears. Owners of motherboards with integrated video can also use it to check the functionality of the video adapter.

Most video cards fail due to poor cooling, for example, when the system unit is very dusty or the cooler is broken. Therefore, during prevention, it is necessary to pay special attention to removing dust and checking the fan on the video card.

After replacing the processor

After replacing the processor, users often encounter the inability to turn on the computer. This problem is usually easy to fix.

Let's look at the basic steps that need to be taken if the PC stops turning on after replacing the processor:

• check the compatibility of the motherboard and the new processor;
• reset BIOS settings;
• clean contacts;
• make sure that all components are installed correctly.

Advice . Additionally, signals emitted by the system speaker can help with diagnostics.

After a power surge

As a result of a power surge, many PC components can fail. As a preventative measure, it is recommended to connect the computer to the power supply using high-quality stabilizers.

Components that fail most often during power surges:

• power unit;
• motherboard;
• video card.

It is worth noting that several components may be damaged at once and not necessarily those from the list above.

After cleaning

Many users, having decided to clean the system unit from dust for the first time, are faced with the inability to start the PC after reassembly. In this case, there may be quite simple reasons or components may fail.

Actions to be taken if the PC does not start after cleaning:

• check cable connections;
• make sure that the power supply connectors are correctly and tightly connected to the motherboard;
• check the installation of RAM and video card;
• if the cooling system was removed, then you need to make sure that it is installed correctly and that there is a sufficient amount of thermal paste;
• make sure that other boards and devices (hard drive, drive, etc.) are connected correctly;
• reset the BIOS settings using a jumper or by removing the battery for a few minutes.

After hibernation

Hibernation mode is designed primarily to reduce laptop power consumption and increase battery life. When you turn off the PC using this method, all data is saved on the hard drive. Some systems may not turn on after entering this mode.

You can start the computer by unplugging the power supply for a few minutes and turning it on again. In this case, the operating system may stop starting. You'll have to use system restore.

After replacing the motherboard

Some PC owners are forced to replace the motherboard due to the fact that the old one has failed. In this case, it is important to make sure that the new board is compatible with other components, and also to perform the installation correctly. But even in this case, problems may arise.

Let's consider the basic steps if the computer does not start after replacing the motherboard:

• check the connection of the power supply and installation of additional boards;
• temporarily disconnect the hard drive and other external devices without which starting is possible;
• make sure the RAM is installed correctly, clean the contacts on the modules;
• try starting the board without installed RAM and video card and check for signals through the speaker;
• Replace the power supply, RAM, video card, and processor in sequence with a known working one.

If the PC still does not start after all these steps, then it is recommended to contact the service to check the functionality of the motherboard.

After update

During the installation of some updates, the operation of the operating system may be disrupted and as a result the PC stops starting. To solve this you will have to use System Restore.

Run System Restore inWindows 7:

After this, the system will try to fix startup problems on its own. If problems persist, you can try reinstalling Windows.

When replacing RAM

Problems after replacing RAM are quite rare. First, make sure you have selected compatible modules.

Let's look at the steps that need to be taken if the PC stops starting after replacing the RAM:

• check that the module is installed correctly;
• try to start the system using only one module;
• clean contacts;
• Perform a test run of the system with a known good module.

The computer turns on, but

In some cases, the computer turns on, the fans start, but the operating system does not load or there is no image on the screen. There are many reasons for this computer behavior.

Is not downloading

If the computer turns on, but Windows does not load, then you need to look for the problem there. This behavior occurs when an update fails, programs are installed incorrectly, or simply due to a malfunction.

You can try to fix the problem with loading the operating system in the following ways:

• start the computer in safe mode and try to roll back to one of the previous restore points;
• use OS recovery tools;
• scan for viruses using special boot disks;
• reinstall Windows.

It is worth noting that in some cases the inability to start the operating system may be due to a hardware malfunction. Then you can try using specialized utilities for testing HDD and RAM or contact a service center.

No image

In some cases, the computer starts, but there is no image. At the same time, all the fans turn on, the hard drive can be heard, and sometimes Windows even starts, which can be heard by a characteristic sound. This problem is mostly hardware in nature.

• check connecting cords;
• make sure the monitor is working by disconnecting it from the system unit;
• clean the video card contacts and check the operation of the cooler;
• try using another external or integrated video adapter.

There are a large number of problems due to which the computer does not turn on or does not start the operating system. You can try to eliminate many of them yourself using the tips from this article. If nothing helps, or the diagnostic process seems difficult for you, then you will have to turn to our specialists for help by leaving a request. Don’t waste time if you don’t have experience, don’t disassemble your computer, you can only make the situation worse, and our specialists will quickly help you.

The causes and solutions to the problem of the inability to start the OS are determined by error messages or their absence. The main situations are listed below.

Error disc boot failure Insert system disc and press Enter

This least critical error and it is the easiest to solve. It is caused by the fact that the system does not detect the boot disk due to the boot device sequence settings in the BIOS. Enough for a start remove the CD from the drive and disconnect devices such as flash drives, card readers, disconnect external hard drives, and other USB drives. To restart a computer. If the system does not boot or you want to completely eliminate the reasons, you need to reboot again and enter the BIOS.

You will need to fix the download queue. To do this, you do not need to know the computer or open its case. You must follow the instructions of the PC or motherboard manufacturer. Usually needed immediately press the Del key as soon as the computer turns on. A menu will open in which you need to set correct order.

If after this the system does not want to start, then you need to use installation disk Windows. Put it in the drive and reboot. A window will appear with a choice of keyboards and languages. Click the cursor on the desired one. Proceed like this:

If the OS does not see the hard drive at all, then you need to check its connection to the motherboard. This is appropriate if you do not have a warranty on your computer. Otherwise, the check is done in the workshop.

Error Bootmgr is missing

It is caused by an incorrect modification of the hard disk boot record. There can be many reasons. Her viruses damage or unthought-out user actions, the operation of different programs. But the most dangerous reason is physical damage to the media, as it can lead to the loss of important data.

In this case you need check disk a special utility. It is most convenient to use Victoria or MHDD products. You need to do this:

• Download image You can download the boot disk from the official website;
• Write down it on CD;
• Load up from CD;
• Check disk.

If bad sectors highlighted in red are detected, you should immediately copy important information to external media. Next, solve the problem with the device.

If no damage is detected, proceed as described in the previous paragraph. You can also enter command line mode and run the commands bootrec.exe /fixmbr And bootrec.exe /fixroot by booting from the installation disk.

Ntldr is missing

The message appears after an incorrect shutdown of the PC due to viruses or changes in the boot sector. In this case it is necessary find ntldr files and file ntdetect.com. They can be taken from other computers in the \i386 folder or from Live cds.

Then the following work is done:

• Specified files copied to the root of the system disk;
• Computer I'll downloadandseems from the installation disk;
• When prompted to launch the recovery console with the R key, the user clicks on it;
• By using cd c commands: a transition is made to the system partition of the hard drive;
• The following commands are executed fixboot And fixmbr. The first will create the boot sector, and the second will copy the mentioned objects.
• If the system partition is inactive, it is activated using programs for working with hard disk partitions, then you need to check the paths to the operating system specified in the boot.ini file.

Loading stuck when black screen and mouse pointer appears

This usually occurs as a result of a virus and its incorrect removal. For example, a ransomware virus.

Then give the PC the following commands:

• When stuck, press Win + R;
• A window will pop up Execute;
• Print regedit;

The Registry Editor will appear. Look for lines HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/Microsoft/Windows NT/Current Version/Winlogon/ And HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows NT/Current Version/Winlogon/.

Having found the parameter in them shell, change its value to explorer.exe.

It happens that boot problems appear when you change the PC configuration. Then the recovery screen will appear on its own or you need to press F8 and select troubleshooting.

Windows 10 won't start

The new OS may refuse to work such reasons;

• Error when updating;
• Black screen while loading;
• Incorrect operation Internet connection devices;
• Crashes when exiting hibernation mode;
• Malware;
• Flaw free disk space;
• Errors in the operation of different programs or drivers.

Rolling back updates

If the update fails, you need to use the options restore previous state provided in this Microsoft product. When starting the device, press F8. The recovery menu will open.
You need to click on Diagnostics, and then on Restore. Everything will recover on its own. If unsuccessful, use the restore point by clicking on Extra options. Then a suitable recovery point is selected.

Black screen on boot

The system will come back to life either after a normal reboot or after operations similar to those described in the previous paragraph. The reason for a failed download is usually malware. The most effective way to get rid of it is formatting and a complete reinstallation of the system. All important information should be copied. Or check as described below.

Internet connection devices do not work properly and crashes when resuming from hibernation mode

Users of the operating system have long noticed that if the boot fails, it’s worth trying disconnect from the network and turn off the power to Wi-Fi routers, network cards, modems or other devices. As a rule, this is due to malfunctions in the operating system. If you exit hibernation mode incorrectly, you just need to press the power button on the case and hold it for 3-4 seconds, and then turn on the PC again.

Checking your computer for viruses

To exclude infection of the device as the reason for the refusal to start, you need to carry out antivirus scan. To do this, download a Live CD with antivirus programs and check your computer. It's better that it contains several antiviruses. According to tests by independent laboratories, it is best to use Kaspersky Internet Security, a product from Bitdefender, and scan with several similar programs.

Lack of free disk space

Owners of devices with Windows 10 installed often either save money by installing a low-capacity hard drive, or fill it with downloaded movies, unnecessary games, large files and do not monitor the availability of free space. Therefore, the OS may not start, since it is simply not enough space for work. You can clean it using the software installed on boot disks, or you can simply delete what you don’t need by viewing the contents using a file manager.

Errors when running programs or drivers

To remove the problematic driver you need to log in to safe mode. If it works, then most likely the problem is in the driver of some component or equipment or in the functioning of some program. You can either delete them or edit startup.